Paleontology

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Paleontology, study of prehistoric animal and plant life through the analysis of fossil remains. The study of these remains enables scientists to trace the evolutionary history of extinct as well as living organisms (see Evolution). Paleontologists also play a major role in unraveling the mysteries of the earth's rock strata (layers). Using detailed information on how fossils are distributed in these layers of rock, paleontologists help prepare accurate geologic maps, which are essential in the search for oil, water, and minerals. See Dating Methods.

Most people did not understand the true nature of fossils until the beginning of the 19th century, when the basic principles of modern geology were established. Since about 1500, scholars had engaged in a bitter controversy over the origin of fossils. One group held the modern view that fossils are the remains of prehistoric plants and animals. This group was opposed by another, which declared that fossils were either freaks of nature or creations of the devil. During the 18th century, many people believed that all fossils were relics of the great flood recorded in the Bible.

Articles:
  • FOSSILS AND STRATIGRAPHY
  • THE PALEOZOIC ERA
  • THE MESOZOIC ERA
  • THE CENOZOIC ERA

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